德國INTERHERENCE公司開發的超精準可調節溫度控制模塊VAHEAT是一款用于光學顯微鏡的精密溫度控制模塊，技術來源于德國著名的馬克斯-普朗克研究所（MPI），兼容市面上絕大多數的商用顯微鏡和物鏡，可在高清成像的同時快速和精確地調節溫度，加熱速率可達100℃/s，最高溫度可達200℃，穩定性0.01℃，是材料研究領域高效工具。該模塊自2021年問世以來，已在《Journal of the American Chemical Society 》、《Small 》、《EMBO Journal 》、《Nature Communications 》、《Nature Methods 》、《Nature Nanotechnology 》等高水平期刊發表數篇文獻。
圖1 VAHEAT實物圖
圖2 A: VAHEAT各部件名稱
B: VAHEAT配有容納液體樣品的智能基板，可安裝在顯微鏡上
C: VEAHEAT智能基板含有氧化銦錫（ITO）加熱元件和溫度探頭
VAHEAT主要特點：
? 溫度穩定性高：0.01℃
? 溫控范圍廣：RT-200℃
? 優越的成像質量
? 快速且可靠，用于油浸物鏡
? 四種加熱模式可根據用戶需求進行不同的實驗
? 機械穩定性和設備兼容性
? 便于攜帶和安裝
VAHEAT兼容多種成像技術：
? 全內反射顯微鏡 Total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM)
? 原子力顯微鏡 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)
? 共聚焦顯微鏡 Confocal microscopy
? 超分辨顯微鏡 Super resolution methods (SIM, STORM, PALM, PAINT, STED)
? 干涉散射顯微鏡 Interferometric scattering microscopy (iSCAT)
? 寬場顯微鏡 Widefield microscopy
VAHEAT典型案例：
■ 2D材料的光致發光動態相變
猶他大學的Connor Bischak實驗室使用超精準可調節溫度控制模塊VAHEAT獲得了從40°C升高到110°C再降低到40°C，速度為0.2°C/s的光致發光(PL)數據。
參考文獻：Rand L. Kingsford …& Connor G. Bischakd. (2023) Controlling Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Perovskites through Organic Cation Alloying. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145, 11773?11780.
■ 納米顆粒的iSCAT成像
馬克斯普朗克光科學研究所的Vahid Sandoghdar實驗室致力于研究干涉散射（iSCAT）顯微技術，他們使用超精準可調節溫度控制模塊VAHEAT調整30 nm的金納米顆粒的溫度并檢測擴散系數，所得測量結果與使用金納米顆粒的流體力學直徑（實線）計算出的擴散系數基本一致。
參考文獻：Anna D. Kashkanova …& Vahid Sandoghdar. (2022) Precision size and refractive index analysis of weakly scattering nanoparticles in polydispersions. Nature Methods, 19, 586–593.
■ AlGaN溫感發光研究
華東師范大學武鄂教授使用超精準可調節溫度控制模塊VAHEAT對單光子發射源（SPE）在AlGaN微柱中的溫度依賴性進行了研究。文章針對SPE在不同溫度下的PL光譜、PL強度、輻射壽命等參數，探究了AlGaN SPE在高溫下線寬加寬的可能機制，有助于深入研究如何實現此材料在高溫下工作的芯片集成應用。
參考文獻：Yingxian Xue …& E Wu. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties of single defects in AlGaN micropillars. Nanotechnology, 34, 225201.
■ 高溫條件下黑金薄膜的拉曼光譜
德國柏林亥姆霍茲中心（HZB）的Yan Lu教授和波茨坦大學的Sergio Kogikoski教授使用超精準可調節溫度控制模塊VAHEAT測量了從室溫到122°C不同溫度下黑金薄膜的拉曼光譜。本實驗用低強度激光入射（100 μW）測量拉曼光譜，以通過溫度而不是光照射來誘導反應。
參考文獻：Radwan M. Sarhan …& Yan Lu. (2023) Colloidal Black Gold with Broadband Absorption for Plasmon-Induced Dimerization of 4-Nitrothiophenol and Cross-Linking of Thiolated Diazonium Compound. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00067.
VAHEAT部分客戶:
VAHEAT部分發表文獻：
1. Rand L. Kingsford …& Connor G. Bischakd. (2023) Controlling Phase Transitions in Two-Dimensional Perovskites through Organic Cation Alloying. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145, 11773?11780.
2. Fan Hong …& Peng Yin. (2023) Thermal-plex: fluidic-free, rapid sequential multiplexed imaging with DNA-encoded thermal channels. Nature Methods, Mai P. Tran …& Kerstin G?pfrich. (2023) A DNA Segregation Module for Synthetic Cells. Small, 19, 2202711.
3. Anna D. Kashkanova …& Vahid Sandoghdar. (2022) Precision size and refractive index analysis of weakly scattering nanoparticles in polydispersions. Nature Methods, 19, 586–593.
4. Pierre St?mmer …& Hendrik Dietz. (2021) A synthetic tubular molecular transport system. NATURE COMMUNICATIONS, 12, 4393.
5. Bas W. A. B?gels …& Tom F. A. de Greef. (2023) DNA storage in thermoresponsive microcapsules for repeated random multiplexed data access. Nature Nanotechnology, 18, 912–921.
6. Tugce Oz …& Wolfgang Zachariae. (2022) The Spo13/Meikin pathway confines the onset of gamete differentiation to meiosis II in yeast. EMBO Journal, https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2021109446.
7. Valentina Mengoli …& Wolfgang Zachariae. (2021) Deprotection of centromeric cohesin at meiosis II requires APC/C activity but not kinetochore tension. EMBO Journal, https://doi.org/10.15252/embj.2020106812.
8. Mariska Brüls …& Ilja K. Voets. (2023) Investigating the impact of exopolysaccharides on yogurt network mechanics and syneresis through quantitative microstructural analysis. Food Hydrocolloids, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodhyd.2023.109629.
9. Yingxian Xue …& E Wu. Temperature-dependent photoluminescence properties of single defects in AlGaN micropillars. Nanotechnology, 34, 225201.
10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41592-023-02115-3.
11. Radwan M. Sarhan …& Yan Lu. (2023) Colloidal Black Gold with Broadband Absorption for Plasmon-Induced Dimerization of 4-Nitrothiophenol and Cross-Linking of Thiolated Diazonium Compound. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c00067.
12. Ma?lle Bénéfice …& Guillaume Baffou. (2023) Dry mass photometry of single bacteria using quantitative wavefront microscopy. Biophysical Journal, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2023.06.020
13. Jaroslav Icha, Daniel B?ning, and Pierre Türschmann. (2022) Precise and Dynamic Temperature Control in High-Resolution Microscopy with VAHEAT. Microscopy Today, 30(1), 34–41.
14. L. Birchall …& C.J. Tuck. (2022) An inkjet-printable fluorescent thermal sensor based on CdSe/ZnS quantum dots immobilised in a silicone matrix. Sensors and Actuators: A. Physical, 347, 113977.
15. Rajyalakshmi Meduri …& David S. Gross. (2022) Phase-separation antagonists potently inhibit transcription and broadly increase nucleosome density. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY, 298(10), 102365.
16. Marleen van Wolferen …& Sonja-Verena Albers. (2022) Progress and Challenges in Archaeal Cell Biology. Archaea. Methods in Molecular Biology, 2522, 365–371.
17. Wei Liu …& Andreas Walther. (2022) Mechanistic Insights into the Phase Separation Behavior and Pathway-Directed Information Exchange in all-DNA Droplets. Angewandte Chemie, 134, e202208951.
18. Céline Molinaro …& Guillaume Baffou. (2021) Are bacteria claustrophobic? The problem of micrometric spatial confinement for the culturing of micro-organisms. RSC Advances, 11, 12500–12506.
19. SadmanShakib …& GuillaumeBa?ou. (2021) Microscale Thermophoresis in Liquids Induced by Plasmonic Heating and Characterized by Phase and Fluorescence Microscopies. Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 125, 21533?21542.
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